Normal Stress
Stress: Force per Area
How materials experience internal forces
Normal Stress
σ = P/A
Force perpendicular to cross-section divided by area
Axial Stress
Easy
A 10 kN force acts on a rod with 100 mm² cross-section. Find stress.
1
Apply formula
σ = P/A = 10,000 N / (100×10⁻⁶ m²)
2
Calculate
σ = 100 MPa
Answer:
100 MPa (tension)